Math Editor Reference Sheets

Greek Characters

Based on http://xbeta.org/wiki/show/itex+greek+letters

Command	Result	Command	Result	Command	Result
\alpha	$α$			\Alpha	$Α$
\beta	$β$			\Beta	$Β$
\gamma	$γ$			\Gamma	$Γ$
\delta	$δ$			\Delta	$Δ$
\epsilon	$ε$	\varepsilon	$ε$ ??	\E	$E$
\zeta	$ζ$			\Zeta	$Ζ$
\eta	$η$			\Eta	$Η$
\theta	$θ$			\Theta	$Θ$
\iota	$ι$			\Iota	$Ι$
\kappa	$κ$			\Kappa	$Κ$
\lambda	$λ$			\Lambda	$Λ$
\mu	$μ$			\Mu	$Μ$
\nu	$ν$			\Nu	$Ν$
\xi	$ξ$			\Xi	$Ξ$
\omicron	$ℴ$			O	$O$
\pi	$π$	\varpi	$ϖ$	\Pi	$Π$
\rho	$ρ$	\varrho	$ϱ$	\Rho	$Ρ$
\sigma	$σ$	\varsigma	$ς$	\Sigma	$Σ$
\tau	$τ$			\Tau	$Τ$
\upsilon	$υ$			\Upsilon or \Upsi	$ϒ$
\phi	$ϕ$	\varphi	$φ$	\Phi	$ϕ$
\chi	$χ$			X	$X$
\psi	$ψ$			\Psi	$Ψ$
\omega	$ω$			\Omega	$Ω$

Archaic Letters and Other Symbols

Command	Result
\backepsilon	$϶$ ??
\digamma	$ϝ$ ??
\mho	$℧$ ??

?? Wrong character

Operators

Based on http://xbeta.org/wiki/show/itex+operators

Command	Result	Command	Result
\amalg	$⨿$	\clubsuit	$♣$
\angle	$∠$ ??	\diamondsuit	$♢$
\measuredangle	$∡$ ??	\heartsuit	$♡$
\sphericangle	$∢$ ??	\spadesuit	$♠$
\approx	$\approx$	\circ	$\circ$
\approxeq	$≊$ ??	\bigcirc	$◯$
\thickapprox	$\approx$ ??	\cong	$≅$ ??
\asymp	$\approx$	\ncong	$≇$ ??
\backslash	$\$	\dagger	$†$
\because	$∵$ ??	\ddagger	$‡$
\between	$≬$ ??	\dashv	$⊣$
\bottom = \bot	$⊥$	\Vdash	$⊩$
\boxminus = \minusb	$⊟$ ??	\vDash	$⊨$
\boxplus = \plusb	$⊞$ ??	\nvDash	$⊭$ ??
\boxtimes = \timesb	$⊠$ ??	\VDash	$⊫$
\bowtie	$⋈$	\nVdash	$nVdash$ ??
\bullet	$•$	\vdash	$⊢$
\cap	$\cap$	\nvdash	$⊬$ ??
\cup	$\cup$	\Vvdash	$⊪$ ??
\cdot	$\cdot$	\Diamond	$⋄$

Command	Result	Command	Result
\diamond	$⋄$	\gg	$≫$
\div	$\div$	\ggg	$⋙$
\equiv	$\equiv$	\geq = \ge	$\geq$
\eqcirc	$≖$	\ngeq	$≱$
\neq (\ne)	$\neq$	\geqq	$≧$
\Bumpeq	$≎$	\ngeqq	$≧̸$
\bumpeq	$≏$	\geqslant	$⩾$
\circeq	$≗$ ??	\ngeqslant	$⩾̸$
\doteq	$≐$	\eqslantgtr	$⪖$
\doteqdot	$≑$	\gneq	$⪈$
\fallingdotseq	$≒$	\gneqq	$≩$
\risingdotseq	$≓$	\gnapprox	$⪊$ ??
\exists	$\exists$	\gnsim	$⋧$
\nexists	$∄$	\gtrapprox	$⪆$
\flat	$♭$	\gtrsim	$≳$
\forall	$\forall$	\gtrdot	$⋗$ ??
\frown	$⌢$	\gtreqless	$⋛$ ??
\gt	$>$	\gtreqqless	$⪌$ ??
\ngtr	$≯$	\gtrless	$≷$

Command	Result	Command	Result
\gvertneqq	$≩︀$	\lesseqgtr	$⋚$ ??
\in	$\in$	\lesseqqgtr	$⪋$ ??
\notin	$\notin$	\lessgtr	$≶$
\ni	$∋$	\lesssim	$≲$
\notni	$∌$	\lnapprox	$⪉$ ??
\lhd	$⊲$	\lneq	$⪇$ ??
\unlhd	$⊴$	\lneqq	$≨$ ??
\lt	$<$	\lnsim	$⋦$
\nless	$≮$ ??	\ltimes	$⋉$
\ll	$≪$	\lvertneqq	$≨︀$
\lll	$⋘$ ??	\lozenge	$◊$
\leq = \le	$\leq$ ??	\blacklozenge	$⧫$
\nleq	$≰$ ??	\mid = \shortmid	$∣$
\leqq	$≦$ ??	\nmid	$∣$
\nleqq	$≦̸$ ??	\nshortmid	$∤$
\leqslant	$⩽$ ??	\models	$⊧$
\nleqslant	$⩽̸$ ??	\multimap	$⊸$
\eqslantless	$⪕$ ??	\nabla = \Del	$\nabla$
\lessapprox	$⪅$	\natural	$♮$
\lessdot	$⋖$	\not = \neg	$\neg$

Command	Result	Command	Result
\odot	$⊙$	\curlyeqprec	$⋞$ ??
\odash = \circleddash	$⊝$	\precsim	$≾$
\otimes	$\otimes$	\precnsim	$⋨$
\oplus	$\oplus$	\prime	$'$
\parallel	$∥$	\backprime	$‵$ ??
\nparallel	$∦$	\propto	$\propto$
\shortparallel	$∥$	\varpropto	$\propto$
\nshortparallel	$∦$	\rhd	$⊳$
\partial	$\partial$	\unrhd	$⊵$
\perp	$⊥$	\rtimes	$⋊$
\pitchfork	$⋔$	\setminus	$∖$
\pm	$\pm$	\smallsetminus	$﹨$
\mp	$\mp$	\sharp	$♯$
\prec	$≺$	\sim	$\sim$
\nprec	$⊀$	\nsim	$≁$
\precapprox	$⪷$	\backsim	$∽$
\precnapprox	$⪹$	\simeq	$≃$
\preceq	$⪯$	\backsimeq	$⋍$
\npreceq	$⪯̸$	\thicksim	$\sim$
\preccurlyeq	$≼$	\smile	$⌣$

Command	Result	Command	Result
\subset	$\subset$	\succnsim	$⋩$
\nsubset	$\subset⃒$ ??	\supset	$\supset$
\subseteq	$\subseteq$	\nsupset	$\supset⃒$
\nsubseteq	$⊈$	\supseteq	$\supseteq$
\subseteqq	$⫅$	\nsupseteq	$⊉$
\nsubseteqq	$⫅̸$	\supseteqq	$⫆$
\subsetneq	$⊊$	\supsetneq	$⊋$
\subsetneqq	$⫋$	\supsetneqq	$⫌$
\varsubsetneq	$⊊︀$	\varsupsetneq	$⊋︀$
\varsubsetneqq	$⫋︀$	\varsupsetneqq	$⫌︀$
\Subset	$⋐$	\Supset	$⋑$
\succ	$≻$	\square = \Box	$□$
\nsucc	$⊁$	\blacksquare = \qed	$▪$
\succeq	$⪰$	\sqcup	$⊔$
\nsucceq	$⪰̸$	\sqcap	$⊓$
\succapprox	$⪸$	\sqsubset	$⊏$
\succnapprox	$⪺$	\sqsubseteq	$⊑$
\succcurlyeq	$≽$	\sqsupset	$⊐$
\curlyeqsucc	$⋟$	\sqsupseteq	$⊒$
\succsim	$≿$	\star	$⋆$

Command	Result	Command	Result
\bigstar	$★$ ??	\blacktriangle	$▴$
\therefore	$∴$	\blacktriangledown	$▾$
\times	$\times$	\bigtriangleup	$△$
\top	$⊤$	\bigtriangledown	$▽$
\triangle	$▵$	\uplus	$⊎$
\triangledown	$▿$	\vee	$\lor$
\triangleleft	$◃$	\wedge	$\land$
\triangleright	$▹$	\wr	$≀$

Fractions superscripts and subscripts

Based on http://xbeta.org/wiki/show/itex+fractions+superscripts+and+subscripts

Command	Result
\frac{x}{y}	$\frac{x}{y}$
\tfrac{x}{y}	$\frac{x}{y}$
\binom{m}{n}	$\binom{m}{n}$ ??
{x over y}	$\frac{x}{y}$
{x \atop y}	$x atop y$
\sum_{\substack{0 \leq i \leq n \\ 0 \leq j \leq m}}A_{ij}	$\sum_{\begin{array}{c} 0 \leq i \leq n \\ 0 \leq j \leq m \end{array}} A_{ij}$ ??
\overset{u}{\overbrace{w x y z}}	$\overset{u}{\overset{︷}{w x y z}}$
\underset{u}{\underbrace{v w x y z}}	$\underset{u}{\underset{︸}{v w x y z}}$
\underset{x y z}{\longrightarrow}	$\underset{x y z}{⟶}$
\overset{x y z}{\to}	$\overset{x y z}{\to}$
\stackrel{x y z}{\to}	$\overset{x y z}{\to}$
\underoverset{x y z}{2}{\Rightarrow}	$\Rightarrow_{x y z}^{2}$
\tensor{X}{_i_j^k^l}	$X_{i}_{j}^{k}^{l}$
\multiscripts{^2_0_1}{X}{^j_i_k}	${}^{2}_{0}_{1}X^{j}_{i}_{k}$
\sqrt{\frac{a x +b}{c x + d}}	$\sqrt{\frac{a x + b}{c x + d}}$
\root{n}{x}	$\sqrt[n]{x}$
\mathop{plim}{X_n}	$plim X_{n}$

Arrows

Based on http://xbeta.org/wiki/show/itex+arrows

Command	Result	Command	Result
\rigtharrow = \to	$\to$	\Leftrigtharrow	$\Leftrightarrow$
\longrigtharrow	$⟶$	\Longleftrightarrow = \iff	$\Leftrightarrow$
\Rigtharrow = \implies	$\Rightarrow$	\nearrow	$↗$
\hookrigtharrow = \embedsin	$↪$	\nwarrow	$↖$
\mapsto = \map	$\mapsto$	\searrow	$↘$
\leftarrow	$\leftarrow$	\swarrow	$↙$
\longleftarrow	$⟵$	\neArrow	$⇗$
\Leftarrow = \impliedby	$\Leftarrow$	\nwArrow	$⇖$
\hookleftarrow	$↩$	\seArrow	$⇘$
\leftrightarrow	$\leftrightarrow$	\swArrow	$⇙$

Command	Result	Command	Result
\downarrow = \darr	$↓$	\dashleftarrow	$⤎$
\Downarrow	$⇓$	\dashrightarrow	$⤏$
\uparrow = \uparr	$↑$	\curvearrowleft	$⤺$
\Uparrow	$⇑$	\curvearrowbotright	$⤻$
\downuparrow =\duparr	$↕$	\updarr	$↕$
\Updownarrow	$⇕$	\leftleftarrows	$&leftleftarrow;$
\leftsquigarrow	$⇜$	\leftrightarrows	$⇆$
\rightsquigarrow	$⇝$ ??	\righttoleftarrow	$⟲$
\leftrightsquigarrow	$↭$ ??	\lefttorightarrow	$⟳$
\upuparrows	$⇈$ ??	\circlearrowleft	$↺$
\rightleftarrows	$⇄$ ??	\circlearrowright	$↻$
\rightrightarrows	$⇉$ ??

Delimiters

Based on http://xbeta.org/wiki/show/itex+delimiters

Command	Result	Command	Result
(x)	$(x)$	\uparrow	$↑$
[x]	$[x]$	\downarrow	$↓$
\langle x \rangle = \lang x \rang	$〈 x 〉$	\updownarrow	$↕$
\lbrace x \rbrace = \{ x \}	${x}$	x \vert y	$x ∣ y$
\lceil x \rceil	$⌈ x ⌉$	\Vert x \Vert	$∥ x ∥$
\lfloor x \rfloor	$⌊ x ⌋$	x/y	$x / y$

Symbols

based on http://xbeta.org/wiki/show/itex+symbols

Command	Result	Command	Result
\aleph	$ℵ$	\eth	$ð$
\beth	$ℶ$	\Re	$ℜ$
\ell	$ℓ$	\wp	$℘$
\hbar	$ℏ$	\infty = \infinity	$∞$
\Im	$ℑ$	\empty = \emptyset	$\emptyset$ ??
\imath	$ı$	\varnothing	$\emptyset$ ??
\jmath	$j$

Large Math operators and Integrals

Based on http://xbeta.org/wiki/show/itex+large+operators

Command	Result	Command	Result
\bigcup (\Union)	$⋃$	\coprod = \coproduct	$∐$
\bigcap (\Intersection)	$⋂$	\prod = \product)	$\prod$
\bigodot	$⨀$	\sum	$\sum$
\bigoplus (\Oplus)	$⨁$	\int = \integral	$\int$
\bigotimes (\Otimes)	$⨂$	\iint = \doubleintegral	$\iint$
\bigsqcup	$⨆$	\iiint = \tripleintegral	$∭$
\biguplus	$biguplus$	\iiiint = \quadrupleintegral	$⨌$
\bigwedge (\Wedge)	$⋀$	\oint = \conint = \contourintegral	$\oint$
\bigvee (\Vee)	$⋁$

Strechiness?

\prod_{n=0}^\infty{\left(\frac{z^n-1}{z^n+1}\right)}^{-n}	$\prod_{n = 0}^{∞} {(\frac{z^{n} - 1}{z^{n} + 1})}^{- n}$
{\int e^{-\sqrt{\frac{a x + b}{c x + d}}} d x}	$\int e^{- \sqrt{\frac{a x + b}{c x + d}}} d x$
\int e^{-\sqrt{\frac{a x + b}{c x + d}}} d x	$\int e^{- \sqrt{\frac{a x + b}{c x + d}}} d x$
{\sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{x^n}{\left(1- \frac{1}{x^n}\right)}}	$\sum_{n = 1}^{∞} \frac{x^{n}}{(1 - \frac{1}{x^{n}})}$
\sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{x^n}{\left(1- \frac{1}{x^n}\right)}	$\sum_{n = 1}^{∞} \frac{x^{n}}{(1 - \frac{1}{x^{n}})}$
{\prod_{n=0}^\infty{\left(\frac{z^n-1}{z^n+1}\right)}^{-n}}	$\prod_{n = 0}^{∞} {(\frac{z^{n} - 1}{z^{n} + 1})}^{- n}$

Punctuation

Based on http://xbeta.org/wiki/show/itex+punctuation

Dots

Command	Result	Command	Result
\dots	$\dots$	\ddots	$⋱$
\ldots	$\dots$	\udots	$⋰$
\cdots	$\dots$	\vdots	$⋮$

Spaces

Command	Result	Command	Result
a \, b, a \thinspace b	$a b, a b$	a \qquad b	$a b$
a \: b, a \medspace b	$a b, a b$	a \! b, a \negspace b	$a b, a b$
a \; b, a \thickspace b	$a b, a b$	A + B \phantom{+ C} + D	$A + B + D$
a \quad b	$a b$	\left( \space{5}{0}{20} \right)	$()$

Note: the command \space{ht}{dp}{wd} creates a space of height ht, baseline depth dp, and width wd where ht and dp are measured in tenths of an ex (the height of the letter x) and wd is measured in tenths of an em (the width of the letter M).

Accents

Command	Result	Command	Result
\bar{x}	$\bar{x}$	\tilde{x}	$\tilde{x}$
\overline{a b c}	$\bar{a b c}$	\widetilde{a b c}	$\tilde{a b c}$
= \closure{a b c}	$\bar{a b c}$	\check{x}	$\bar{x}$
= \widebar{a b c}	$\bar{a b c}$	\widecheck{a b c}	$\bar{a b c}$
\vec{x}	$\overset{⇀}{x}$	\hat{x}	$\hat{x}$
\widevec{a b c}	$\overset{⇀}{a b c}$	\widehat{a b c}	$\hat{a b c}$
\dot{x}	$\dot{x}$	\slash{D}	$slash D$
\ddot{x}	$\ddot{x}$

Sizes and Styles

Based on http://xbeta.org/wiki/show/itex+sizes+and+styles

Sizes

Command	Result	Command	Result
\displaystyle{\prod}	$\prod$	\scriptsize{\prod}	$\prod$
\textstyle{\prod}	$\prod$	\scriptscriptsize{\prod}	$\prod$
\textsize{\prod}	$\prod$

Styles

Command	Result
\mathit{A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z}	$A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z$
\mathbf{ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ} = \boldsymbol{ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ	$ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ$
\mathrm{A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z}	$ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ$
\mathbb{ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ}	$𝔸𝔹ℂ𝔻𝔼𝔽𝔾ℍ𝕀𝕁𝕂𝕃𝕄ℕ𝕆ℙℚℝ𝕊𝕋𝕌𝕍𝕎𝕏𝕐ℤ$
\mathbb{abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz}	$abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz$
\mathfrak{ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ} = \mathfr{ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ}	$𝔄𝔅ℭ𝔇𝔈𝔉𝔊ℌℑ𝔍𝔎𝔏𝔐𝔑𝔒𝔓𝔔ℜ𝔖𝔗𝔘𝔙𝔚𝔛𝔜ℨ$
\mathfrak{abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz}	$𝔞𝔟𝔠𝔡𝔢𝔣𝔤𝔥𝔦𝔧𝔨𝔩𝔪𝔫𝔬𝔭𝔮𝔯𝔰𝔱𝔲𝔳𝔴𝔵𝔶𝔷$
\mathcal{ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ}	$𝒜ℬ𝒞𝒟ℰℱ𝒢ℋℐ𝒥𝒦ℒℳ𝒩𝒪𝒫𝒬ℛ𝒮𝒯𝒰𝒱𝒲𝒳𝒴𝒵$
\mathcal{abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz}	$𝒶𝒷𝒸𝒹ℯ𝒻ℊ𝒽𝒾𝒿𝓀𝓁𝓂𝓃ℴ𝓅𝓆𝓇𝓈𝓉𝓊𝓋𝓌𝓍𝓎𝓏$

Environments

Based on http://xbeta.org/wiki/show/itex+environments

Matrices

Type	Command	Result
No delimiters	\begin{matrix} x_{11} & x_{12} \\ x_{21} & x_{22} \end{matrix}	$\begin{matrix} x_{11} & x_{12} \\ x_{21} & x_{22} \end{matrix}$
Parenthesis	\begin{pmatrix} x_{11} & x_{12} \\ x_{21} & x_{22} \end{pmatrix}	$(\begin{matrix} x_{11} & x_{12} \\ x_{21} & x_{22} \end{matrix})$
Bracketed	\begin{bmatrix} x_{11} & x_{12} \\ x_{21} & x_{22} \end{bmatrix}	$[\begin{matrix} x_{11} & x_{12} \\ x_{21} & x_{22} \end{matrix}]$
Braces	\begin{Bmatrix} x_{11} & x_{12} \\ x_{21} & x_{22} \end{Bmatrix}	${\begin{matrix} x_{11} & x_{12} \\ x_{21} & x_{22} \end{matrix}}$
Vertical bars	\begin{vmatrix} x_{11} & x_{12} \\ x_{21} & x_{22} \end{vmatrix}	$∣ \begin{matrix} x_{11} & x_{12} \\ x_{21} & x_{22} \end{matrix} ∣$
Double vertical bars	\begin{Vmatrix} x_{11} & x_{12} \\ x_{21} & x_{22} \end{Vmatrix}	$∥ \begin{matrix} x_{11} & x_{12} \\ x_{21} & x_{22} \end{matrix} ∥$
Small	\begin{smallmatrix} x_{11} & x_{12} \\ x_{21} & x_{22} \end{smallmatrix}	$\begin{matrix} x_{11} & x_{12} \\ x_{21} & x_{22} \end{matrix}$

Alignment

Type	Command	Result
Cases	f(x\|\lambda) = \begin{cases} \lambda e^{-\lambda x} & x \geq 0, \\ 0 & \text{otherwise} \end{cases}	$f (x ∣ λ) = {\begin{array}{ll} λ e^{- λ x} & x \geq 0, \\ 0 & otherwise \end{array}$
Aligned	\begin{aligned} y_1 &= \beta_{11} + \beta_{12} x + \varepsilon_1 \\ y_2 &= \alpha_{21} y_1 + \beta_{21} + \beta_{22} x + \varepsilon_2 \end{aligned}	$\begin{aligned} y_{1} & = β_{11} + β_{12} x + ε_{1} \\ y_{2} & = α_{21} y_{1} + β_{21} + β_{22} x + ε_{2} \end{aligned}$
Gathered	\begin{gathered} y_1 = \beta_{11} + \beta_{12} x + \varepsilon_1 \\ y_2 = \alpha_{21} y_1 + \beta_{21} + \beta_{22} x + \varepsilon_2 \end{gathered}	$\begin{matrix} y_{1} = β_{11} + β_{12} x + ε_{1} \\ y_{2} = α_{21} y_{1} + β_{21} + β_{22} x + ε_{2} \end{matrix}$
Split	\begin{split} \mathop{E}\frac{\partial \ln L}{\partial \theta} &=\mathop{E}\left[\frac{1}{L} \frac{\partial L}{\partial \theta}\right]\\ &=\int\left[\frac{1}{L} \frac{\partial L}{\partial \theta}\right] L\;dz\\ &=\int\frac{\partial L}{\partial \theta}\;dz \end{split}	$\begin{aligned} E \frac{\partial \ln L}{\partial θ} & = E [\frac{1}{L} \frac{\partial L}{\partial θ}] \\ = \int [\frac{1}{L} \frac{\partial L}{\partial θ}] L dz \\ = \int \frac{\partial L}{\partial θ} dz \end{aligned}$

Colors

Based on http://xbeta.org/wiki/show/itex+colors

Named HTML colors are supported: aqua, black, blue, fuchsia, gray, green, lime, maroon, navy, olive, purple, red, silver, teal, white, and yellow as well as RGB hexadecimal colors of the form #rgb or #rrggbb.

Foreground

Command	Result
a { b \color{red} c \color{#0F0} d } e	$a b c d e$

Background

Command	Result
a {b \bgcolor{red} c \bgcolor{#0F0} d } e	$a b c d e$
{\bgcolor{red} a b} c {\bgcolor{#0F0}d e}	$a b c d e$

Foreground + Background

Command	Result
{\bgcolor{red} a b c \color{white}defg} h {\bgcolor{#0F0}i j \color {red} k l}	$a b c defg h i j k l$