# `isomorphism`

    // named parameter version
    template <class Graph1, class Graph2, class P, class T, class R>
    bool isomorphism(const Graph1& g1, const Graph2& g2,
                     const bgl_named_params<P,T,R>& params = all defaults)

    // non-named parameter version
    template <typename Graph1, typename Graph2,
    	  typename IndexMapping, typename VertexInvariant,
    	  typename V1Map, typename V2Map>
    bool isomorphism(const Graph1& g1, const Graph2& g2,
    		 IsoMap f, VertexInvariant invariant,
    		 VertexIndex1Map i1_map, VertexIndex2Map i2_map)

An isomorphism is a 1-to-1 mapping of the vertices in one graph to the vertices of another graph such that adjacency is preserved. Another words, given graphs G1 = (V1,E1) and G2 = (V2,E2) an isomorphism is a function f such that for all pairs of vertices a,b in V1, edge (a,b) is in E1 if and only if edge (f(a),f(b)) is in E2.

This function returns `true` if there exists an isomorphism between graph 1 and graph 2 and `false` otherwise. Also, if a isomorphism map named parameter is provided then an isomorphism is recorded in the map.

The current implementation is based on descriptions of a backtracking algorithm in [46,48]. The file isomorphism-impl.pdf contains a "literate" description of the implementation. The algorithm used is simple but slow. A more efficient (and much more complex) algorithm is described in [47]. When (and if) a version of this algorithm is ported to the BGL interface it should replace the current algorithm.

### Where Defined

`boost/graph/isomorphism.hpp`

### Parameters

IN: `const Graph1& g1`

> A directed or undirected graph. The graph type must model of Vertex List Graph and Edge List Graph.

IN: `const Graph2& g2`

> A directed or undirected graph. The graph type must model Bidirectional Graph and Vertex List Graph.

### Named Parameters

OUT: `isomorphism_map(IsoMap f)`

> The mapping from vertices in graph 1 to vertices in graph 2. This must be a Read/Write Property Map.
> Default: an `iterator_property_map` constructed from a `std::vector` of graph 2's vertex descriptor type and the vertex index map for graph 1.
> Python: Must be a `vertex_vertex_map` for the first graph.

IN: `vertex_invariant(VertexInvariant i)`

> A mapping i from vertices to integers such that if there is some isomorphism that maps v onto v' then i(v) == i(v'). The `VertexInvariant` type must be a BinaryFunction where the first argument is a vertex descriptor, the second argument is a graph, and the result type is an integer. The vertex invariant must work with the types for both graph 1 and graph 2 and therefore may need to have a templated `operator()`.
> Default: `degree_vertex_invariant`
> Python: Any callable Python object will suffice.

IN: `vertex_index1_map(VertexIndex1Map i1_map)`

> This maps each vertex to an integer in the range `[0, num_vertices(g))`. This is necessary for efficient updates of the heap data structure when an edge is relaxed. The type `VertexIndex1Map` must be a model of Readable Property Map. The value type of the map must be an integer type. The vertex descriptor type of graph 1 needs to be usable as the key type of the map.
> Default: `get(vertex_index, g1)` Note: if you use this default, make sure your graph has an internal `vertex_index` property. For example, `adjacenty_list` with `VertexList=listS` does not have an internal `vertex_index` property.
> Python: Unsupported parameter.

IN: `vertex_index2_map(VertexIndex2Map i2_map)`

> This maps each vertex to an integer in the range `[0, num_vertices(g))`. This is necessary for efficient updates of the heap data structure when an edge is relaxed. The type `VertexIndex2Map` must be a model of Readable Property Map. The value type of the map must be an integer type. The vertex descriptor type of graph 2 needs to be usable as the key type of the map.
> Default: `get(vertex_index, g2)` Note: if you use this default, make sure your graph has an internal `vertex_index` property. For example, `adjacenty_list` with `VertexList=listS` does not have an internal `vertex_index` property.
> Python: Unsupported parameter.

### Complexity

The worst-case time complexity is O(|V|!).

### Example

See `libs/graph/example/isomorphism.cpp`.

Copyright © 2000-2001 | Jeremy Siek, Indiana University (jsiek@osl.iu.edu)